Prostate cancer

In France, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. This cancer occurs in about 66% of cases in men aged 65 and over.  The risk of prostate cancer increases with age and it’s mainly a slowly evolving cancer (10 to 15 years) (1).

Prostate cancer is:

  • A malignant tumor developed from prostate cells, the gland of the male reproductive system.
  • In 90% of cases, prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma resulting from the progressive malignant transformation of epithelial cells that form the lining of the prostate (1).

This cancer ranks third among cancer deaths in men (1).

Here are the established risk factors (1):

  • Age . The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. It is rare before 50 years of age. It is around 70 that the number of cases diagnosed is greatest.
  • Family history . According to family history, prostate cancer can occur in three forms:
    • i) the sporadic form which is the non-hereditary form. It’s the most common form;
    • ii) the familial form, when there are at least two cases of prostate cancer in first or second degree relatives. This familial form represents 20% of prostate cancers;
    • iii) the hereditary form, which is defined by the existence of at least 3 cases of prostate cancer in relatives, or of 2 members of the family diagnosed before age 55 (5% of prostate cancers).
  • Certain ethnic origins . Men of African origin (especially Afro-Caribbean) have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than Caucasians; themselves being more at risk than Asians.In 2015, in metropolitan France, 50,430 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. There has been a relative decrease in the number of cases in recent years. (1).
    The urological surgeon, the radiotherapist, the oncologist (or oncologist) and the attending physician consult to prescribe the most appropriate treatment or treatments for each person (depending on age, general condition, degree of evolution of prostate cancer …). (1).
    The treatment generally involves different therapeutic approaches : surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and possibly chemotherapy (1)

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